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第57讲 卤代烃 醇 酚
【复习目标】 1.了解卤代烃的组成、结构及性质，理解卤代烃在有机合成中的“桥梁”作用。2.掌握醇、酚的结构、性质及应用。3.能从官能团、化学键的特点及基团之间的相互影响分析醇和酚的反应规律，并能正确书写有关反应的化学方程式。
考点一 卤代烃
1.概念
(1)卤代烃是烃分子中的氢原子被卤素原子取代后生成的化合物。通式可表示为R－X(其中R－表示烃基)。
(2)官能团是碳卤键。
2.物理性质
(1)沸点：比同碳原子数的烃的沸点要高。
(2)溶解性：不溶于水，可溶于有机溶剂。
(3)密度：一般一氟代烃、一氯代烃比水小，其余比水大。
3.水解反应和消去反应
